Quantum computing has far-reaching promise, but there are still challenges to overcome on the road to its development and application. The main difficulties that the quantum computing world faced in 2024 are listed below:
1. Quantum Decoherence
- Fragile Qubits: A qubit is the most delicate possible object. Even the environment can unintentionally disturb it due to temperature and electromagnetic radiation. In such situations, the qubits would experience decoherence, in which they lose their quantum state and thus limit the computation time.
- Error Correction: The construction of sophisticated error correction codes is the most immediate task to be solved to ensure the correctness of the quantum computations. Although a lot has been done, this area is still a hard topic.
2. Scalability
- Building Large-Scale Quantum Computers: Truly, the task of constructing a quantum computer with millions of qubits is no mean feat. In the future, these quantum computers will have only a small number of qubits and will be limited to a limited set of tasks.
- Connectivity: In order to execute complex quantum algorithms, it is always important that qubits stay stable and connected.
3. Quantum Supremacy and Practical Applications
- Demonstrating Quantum Superiority: Although quantum devices can handle some tasks that are beyond the capacities of classical computers, surpassing this quantum supremacy and coming up with useful applications will be a goal.
- Creating Quantum Algorithms: Autonomously functioning quantum algorithms for really existing problems are an exhausting development that can be used for many different fields of research.
4. Energy Consumption
- Power-Hungry Systems: The utilization of this quantum computing technology may consequently result in high energy consumption and consequently lead to the question of how this may affect the environment.
- Cooling Requirements: Qubits is selling the need for extremely cool temperatures for their operation, so cutting-edge cooling systems must be in place.
Over the above issues, scientists and technologists have been able to get the solutions step by step. The progress in the speed with which quantum computing technology evolves is going to bring breakthroughs in the upcoming years.